{"id":107526,"date":"2019-09-26T15:43:25","date_gmt":"2019-09-26T11:43:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/1905.az\/?p=107526"},"modified":"2019-09-26T15:43:25","modified_gmt":"2019-09-26T11:43:25","slug":"kafkaslardan-balkanlara-katliamci-bir-cete-reisi-adranik-ozanyan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/1905.az\/tr\/kafkaslardan-balkanlara-katliamci-bir-cete-reisi-adranik-ozanyan\/","title":{"rendered":"Kafkaslardan Balkanlara Katliamc\u0131 Bir \u00c7ete Reisi: Adranik Ozanyan"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Mill\u00ee tarih ve milli \u015fuur in\u015fas\u0131nda ulusal kahramanlar \u00f6nemli bir yer i\u015fgal eder. Bu kahramanlar mensubu olduklar\u0131 toplumun karakteristik \u00f6zelliklerini b\u00fcnyesinde bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131rlar. Ermeni ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k hareketinde de birtak\u0131m sembol isimler kahraman olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda Andranik Ozanyan gelmektedir.<\/p>\n

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Son y\u0131llarda Ermenistan kamuoyunda Andranik Ozanyan ilgisi daha da artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ermeni H\u00fck\u00fcmeti 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda mezar\u0131n\u0131 Paris\u2019ten Erivan\u2019a nakletmi\u015ftir. Yeni defin i\u015flemine bir\u00e7ok \u00fcst d\u00fczey Ermeni kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve t\u00f6rende bulunan Katolik II. Garegin\u201cAntranik \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra bile diktat\u00f6rlerin y\u00fcre\u011fine korku salm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mezar\u0131n Paris\u2019ten Erivan\u2019a nakli Ermeniler i\u00e7in \u015fan ve \u015fereftir\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/em>demi\u015ftir (http:\/\/www.armeniadiaspora.com. History 2000, 03.01.2001). Ermenistan Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Robert Ko\u00e7eryan da nakil i\u015fleminin Ermenistan i\u00e7in \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir olay oldu\u011funu ifade etmi\u015ftir. Ad\u0131na g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f paralar bas\u0131lan, heykeller dikilen Andranik Ozanyan kimdir ve neden bu kadar \u00f6nemlidir?<\/p>\n

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\u0130lk Siyasi Faaliyetler<\/h3>\n

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Andranik 1865 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u015eebinkarahisar\u2019da do\u011fdu. 20 ya\u015f\u0131nda iken ihtilal fikirlerine sahip Armenegan Partisi\u2019ne kat\u0131ld\u0131. 1890 y\u0131l\u0131nda babas\u0131 ile tart\u0131\u015fan bir T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fc \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bunun ard\u0131ndan \u0130stanbul\u2019a ka\u00e7t\u0131 ve burada H\u0131n\u00e7ak \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne kat\u0131ld\u0131. Bir T\u00fcrk polisini \u00f6ld\u00fcrerek ikinci cinayetini i\u015fledikten sonra Batum\u2019a firar etti (Chalabian, 1988, s. 6). Batum\u2019da bulundu\u011fu y\u0131llarda Ermeni ihtilal fikirlerinin en ate\u015fli savunucular\u0131ndan biri oldu. 1895 y\u0131l\u0131nda 40 ki\u015fi ile birlikte Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f \u00fczerinden Sason\u2019a gitti. Burada Ermeni \u00e7etelerinden Serop\u2019un \u00e7etesine kat\u0131ld\u0131 ve \u00e7etecilik ser\u00fcveni ba\u015flad\u0131. Serop 1899 y\u0131l\u0131nda bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmada \u00f6l\u00fcnce \u00f6nce onun intikam\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131, ard\u0131ndan da \u00e7etenin ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7ti (Chalabian 1988, s. 110).<\/p>\n

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Andranik \u00e7ete lideri olduktan sonra Ermeni ihtilali konusunda di\u011fer \u00e7ete reisleri ile birtak\u0131m fikir ayr\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 ya\u015far. Reislerin \u00e7o\u011fu \u00e7ete sava\u015flar\u0131 yapmak yerine toplu bir ayaklanmay\u0131 savunurken, Andranik k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin silahland\u0131r\u0131larak b\u00f6lgesel ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck harplerle ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

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\u00c7ete Reisi Andranik<\/h3>\n

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Andranik\u2019in \u00e7eteci olarak ad\u0131n\u0131 duyuran olay, 1901 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sason yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki Arak Manast\u0131r\u0131\u2019nda meydana geldi. Andranik adamlar\u0131yla Osmanl\u0131 askerlerinden ka\u00e7arken bu manast\u0131rda bulunan \u00e7ocuk, \u00f6\u011fretmen ve di\u011fer \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 esir ald\u0131. Ermeniler yetimleri ka\u00e7\u0131rmak i\u00e7in te\u015febb\u00fcs ettilerse de muvaffak olamad\u0131lar. Ard\u0131ndan d\u00f6rt tabur asker manast\u0131r\u0131 ku\u015fatt\u0131 (BOA,Y.MTV, 223\/84).<\/p>\n

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Andranik teslim olma \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralad\u0131: Siyasi su\u00e7lular\u0131n serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131, K\u00fcrtlere da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lan silahlar\u0131n toplan\u0131p su\u00e7lular\u0131n cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, Ermenilerden al\u0131nan topraklar\u0131n iadesi. Andranik\u2019in as\u0131l amac\u0131, Avrupa ve Rusya\u2019n\u0131n dikkatini bu meseleye \u00e7ekmekti. Bunda da k\u0131smen ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olurken, kendisi de teslim olmaktan kurtuldu. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Van\u2019da bulunan Rus konsolosu hemen Mu\u015f\u2019a geldi. Konsolos askeri operasyonu engellerken (BOA, Y. MTV. 87\/67) Andranik de bir gece adamlar\u0131 ile manast\u0131rdan ka\u00e7may\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131. B\u00f6ylece Ermeniler nezdinde \u015f\u00f6hreti daha da artt\u0131.<\/p>\n

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Bu olay\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Andranik birka\u00e7 y\u0131l eylemde bulunmad\u0131. Yapmay\u0131 planlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck isyan hareketinin altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlad\u0131. 1904 senesinde Sason\u2019da bir ayaklanma tertip etti. 1000 ki\u015fi ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen bu ayaklanma, Osmanl\u0131 askerleri taraf\u0131ndan rahatl\u0131kla bast\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131 ve \u00e7etecilerin \u00e7o\u011fu \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Andranik Mu\u015f\u2019a \u00e7ekildi. Ceza dahi almad\u0131. Nihayet Avrupa devletlerinin iltimas\u0131yla Kafkasya\u2019ya gitti. Andranik bu olayla birlikte yabanc\u0131 bir destek olmadan ihtilal yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131 (Chalabian, 1988, s. 160).<\/p>\n

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Balkanlardaki Faaliyetleri<\/h3>\n

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Andranik 1905 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ermeni \u00e7etelerinin \u00f6nemli merkezlerinden olan Bulgaristan\u2019a gitti. Ermeni fedaileri Bulgaristan\u2019da bomba imalat\u0131ndan \u00e7ete sava\u015flar\u0131na kadar bir\u00e7ok konuda e\u011fitim almakta idiler (Lang, 1988, s. 107). Andranik\u2019e burada ya\u015fayan Ermenileri ihtilal i\u00e7in \u00f6rg\u00fctleme vazifesi verildi. \u0130htilalci yeti\u015ftirmek \u00fczere burada bir okul da kuran Andranik, maddi sorunlar nedeni ile okulun kapanmas\u0131na engel olamad\u0131 (Dasnabedian, 1989, s. 61).<\/p>\n

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Bulgaristan\u2019dan Avrupa\u2019ya ge\u00e7en Andranik 1907 senesinde 4. D\u00fcnya kongresinde silahl\u0131 m\u00fccadeleyi \u015fiddetli bir \u015fekilde savundu. Bunun \u00fczerine \u00e7ete temsilcisi (Demonstrative \u2013 Terrorist Body) se\u00e7ildi (Minissian, 1984, s.24). 1912 senesinde patlak veren Balkan sava\u015flar\u0131nda Andranik, \u00e7etesi ile birlikte Bulgaristan saflar\u0131nda yerini ald\u0131; bir\u00e7ok M\u00fcsl\u00fcman k\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fc basarak katliamlar yapt\u0131. Bu faaliyetlerinden dolay\u0131 Bulgar Ermenilerinin takdirini toplarken Bulgar H\u00fck\u00fcmeti de kendisini bir\u00e7ok madalya ile taltif etti. Kral Ferdinand ona maa\u015f ba\u011flatt\u0131 (Chalabian, 1988, s.203-204).<\/p>\n

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Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 S\u0131ras\u0131ndaki Faaliyetleri<\/h3>\n

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B\u00fcy\u00fck sava\u015f\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131 ile birlikte Andranik, 16 Kas\u0131m 1914\u2019te Kuzey \u0130ran\u2019da Rus ordusuna kat\u0131ld\u0131. Andranik\u2019in g\u00f6revi, di\u011fer Ermeni \u00e7eteleri gibi Ruslar\u2019a lojistik destek vermek ve onlara k\u0131lavuzluk yapmakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

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Andranik Nisan 1915\u2019te Dilman\u2019da Osmanl\u0131 ordusu ile sava\u015ft\u0131. Van\u2019\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesinden sonra Bitlis\u2019e ilerledi. Yol \u00fcst\u00fcnde bulunan k\u00f6ylerde her t\u00fcrl\u00fc mezalimi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi. Sergiledi\u011fi vah\u015fet Rus komutanlar\u0131 bile rahats\u0131z edecek boyuta ula\u015ft\u0131. Van k\u0131talar\u0131 komutan\u0131 General Nikolayev, Kafkas kuvvetleri komutan\u0131na g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi telgrafta \u00e7ete faaliyetlerinin a\u015f\u0131r\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n katlanamaz boyuta geldi\u011finden \u015fikayetle Van\u2019da Divan-\u0131 Harp kuruldu\u011funu bildirmi\u015ftir (S\u00fcsl\u00fc, 1987, s. 27). Bundan sonra Ermeni \u00e7etelerini da\u011f\u0131tan Ruslar onlar\u0131 orduya katt\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

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Andranik 1917 y\u0131l\u0131nda Tiflis\u2019te Amerikan temsilcisi Willoughby Smith ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. \u0130ngilizlerin K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019tan \u0130skenderun\u2019a \u00e7\u0131karak T\u00fcrkleri g\u00fcneyden s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nerdi. Bu \u00f6nerisi m\u00fcttefikler taraf\u0131ndan kabul edildi. Ancak Andranik\u2019in yabanc\u0131 temsilcilerle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmesi Ta\u015fnak y\u00f6neticilerini rahats\u0131z etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

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Bol\u015fevik ihtilalinden sonra Rus ordusu Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019dan \u00e7ekilmeye ba\u015flay\u0131nca Ermeni \u00e7eteleri T\u00fcrk ordusu ile tek ba\u015f\u0131na m\u00fccadele etmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak \u00e7eteler sava\u015fmak yerine k\u00f6yleri basarak katliamlar yapmay\u0131 tercih etmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

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Andranik \u00fczerinde bir\u00e7ok Rus madalyas\u0131 oldu\u011fu halde 2 Mart 1918\u2019de Erzurum\u2019a gelerek merkez komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ele ald\u0131. Halka i\u015flerine devam etmelerini, asayi\u015fin sa\u011flanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi. Ancak T\u00fcrk ordusunun Erzincan\u2019\u0131 ald\u0131ktan sonra Erzurum\u2019a y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fe ge\u00e7meleri \u00fczerine Ermeniler firar etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Andranik firarlar\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in makineli t\u00fcfeklerle infazlar ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi, ama sonu\u00e7 de\u011fi\u015fmedi. Andranik de iki g\u00fcn sonra bir\u00e7ok masum insan\u0131 katlederek Erzurum\u2019u terk etti.<\/p>\n

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Andranik Kafkasya\u2019da<\/h3>\n

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Andranik G\u00fcmr\u00fc\u2019ye ge\u00e7erek \u00e7etecili\u011fe yeniden ba\u015flad\u0131. Burada \u201c\u00d6zel Hareket Birli\u011fi\u201d (Special StrikingDivision)\u2019ni kurarak hem s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 korumay\u0131 hem de T\u00fcrklerle sava\u015fmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Rain, 1351, s. 120). Ancak burada da katliam yapmaktan geri durmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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IX. Ordu komutan\u0131 Yakup \u015eevki Pa\u015fa, 1 Aral\u0131k 1918\u2019de Harbiye Nezareti\u2019ne g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi telgrafta Andranik\u2019in derhal yakalanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini bildirmi\u015ftir. Benzer uyar\u0131lar\u0131 G\u00fcmr\u00fc Anla\u015fmas\u0131 Ermeni komisyonu ile Erivan\u2019daki Kolordu Komutan\u0131 Nazarbekov da yap\u0131yordu (ATBD, Say\u0131 81, Belge No: 1883; Karabekir, 1990, s. 483). Andranik ise \u00f6nemli petrol sahas\u0131 olan Zenzegur\u2019u ele ge\u00e7irip katliamlar yapmakla me\u015fguld\u00fc. Katliamlar \u00fczerine Halil Pa\u015fa Erivan\u2019\u0131 protesto etti. Erivan ise d\u00fczensiz birliklerin kendi denetiminde olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirerek sorumlulu\u011fu kabul etmedi.<\/p>\n

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Andranik Temmuz 1918\u2019de Nah\u00e7ivan\u2019da a\u011f\u0131r bir yenilgi ald\u0131. Ard\u0131ndan kendinden yard\u0131m isteyen Karaba\u011f Ermenilerine yard\u0131m i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 y\u0131l\u0131n Kas\u0131m ay\u0131nda \u015eu\u015fa\u2019ya ge\u00e7ti. Andranik\u2019in burada da savunmas\u0131z halka sald\u0131rmas\u0131 \u00fczerine Osmanl\u0131 Genelkurmay\u0131, Albay Cemil Cahit Bey\u2019i I. Azerbaycan T\u00fcmen komutan\u0131 olarak buraya g\u00f6nderdi. Andranik sava\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6ze alamayarak \u015eu\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneyindeki Gori\u015f\u2019e \u00e7ekildi.<\/p>\n

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Andranik t\u00fcm bu m\u00fccadeleler sonucunda istedi\u011fi sonucu elde edemedi. \u00dcstelik Erivan\u2019la da aras\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131 (Walker, 1991, s. 95). Bu nedenle hayat\u0131n\u0131 da tehlikede g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in 15 May\u0131s 1919\u2019da Batum\u2019dan hareketle Paris\u2019e gitti.<\/p>\n

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Sonu\u00e7<\/h3>\n

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Andranik, m\u00fcttefiklere sava\u015f boyunca yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yard\u0131mlardan dolay\u0131 Frans\u0131z Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Poincare taraf\u0131ndan\u00a0<\/span>Legion de Honour<\/em>\u00a0<\/span>madalyas\u0131yla \u00f6d\u00fcllendirildi (Pasdermadjian, 1949, s. 465). 1919 y\u0131l\u0131 boyunca Londra, Paris ve New York\u2019ta dola\u015farak T\u00fcrk topraklar\u0131nda B\u00fcy\u00fck Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n kurulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in destek arad\u0131. Kendi yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 T\u00fcrklerin \u00fczerine y\u00fckleyerek Ermenilerin katledildi\u011fi propagandas\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131 (Hovanisian, 1982, s. 390).<\/p>\n

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1920 y\u0131l\u0131nda Frans\u0131z i\u015fgali alt\u0131ndaki b\u00f6lgelerde kendileri i\u00e7in devlet kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyen Ermeniler, Paris\u2019te Andranik ile bir toplant\u0131 yapt\u0131lar. Toplant\u0131dan Andranik\u2019in Adana ve \u00e7evresine g\u00f6nderilerek oradaki Ermenileri \u00f6rg\u00fctlemesi karar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Ermeniler bu teklifi Suriye\u2019deki Frans\u0131z Y\u00fcksek Komiseri General Gouraud\u2019ya ilettiler. Andranik de Gouraud ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmek i\u00e7in Beyrut\u2019a gitti. Gouraud bu teklifi kabul etmedi\u011fi gibi Andranik\u2019in b\u00f6lgeye girmesi i\u00e7in de vize vermedi (Chalabian, 1988, s. 510-525).<\/p>\n

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Andranik 1927 y\u0131l\u0131nda Amerika\u2019da \u00f6ld\u00fc. Sovyet rejimi cenazesini Erivan\u2019a kabul etmeyince Paris\u2019te defnedildi. Kendisi cesedinin \u201cvatan topraklar\u0131\u201dna, yani Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019ya g\u00f6m\u00fclmesini vasiyet etmi\u015fti. Mezar\u0131n\u0131n 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda Erivan\u2019a nakli, bu vasiyetin zaman\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feklinde yorumland\u0131.<\/p>\n

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Andranik e\u011fitimsiz bir \u00e7eteci olarak yeti\u015fti\u011fi i\u00e7in, d\u00fczenli T\u00fcrk birlikleri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda daima ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olmu\u015ftur. Bu nedenle askerle \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ve halk\u0131 hedef olarak benimsemi\u015ftir. Kendi ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan mar\u015fta ge\u00e7en\u00a0<\/span>\u201cAndranik karde\u015f, gidelim T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye<\/em>,\u00a0<\/span>K\u0131ral\u0131m T\u00fcrkleri olsun Ermenistan\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/em>dizeleri bu ger\u00e7e\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k bi\u00e7imde ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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Bu Ermeni komitecisinin m\u00fccadele y\u00f6ntemi olarak ter\u00f6r\u00fc benimsemesi, tesad\u00fcfi de\u011fildi. Osmanl\u0131 Ermenileri \u00fclke i\u00e7erisinde da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k bir \u015fekilde ya\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131 ve hi\u00e7bir \u015fehirde n\u00fcfus \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funa sahip de\u011fillerdi. Avrupa devletlerine ve Rusya\u2019ya uygulatmak istedikleri self determinasyon prensibinin Anadolu\u2019da bu \u015fartlar alt\u0131nda uygulanmas\u0131 imkans\u0131zd\u0131. Maddi imkanlardan yoksun olan Andranik, emellerini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yollar\u0131n\u0131 tercih etti: \u015eiddet ve katliamlar yolu ile M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 sindirmek, b\u00f6ylece Do\u011fu Anadolu ve Kafkasya\u2019da B\u00fcy\u00fck Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak. \u0130kincisi, b\u00fcy\u00fck devletlerin b\u00f6lgeye m\u00fcdahalesini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirecek i\u00e7 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar \u00e7\u0131karmak.<\/p>\n

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G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere Andranik sahip oldu\u011fu kahramanl\u0131\u011fa ait b\u00fct\u00fcn unvanlar\u0131n\u0131 T\u00fcrklere kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi ac\u0131mas\u0131zl\u0131ktan ve katliamlardan, madalyalar\u0131n\u0131 ise \u2018B\u00fcy\u00fck Devletler\u2019e Do\u011fu Anadolu ve Kafkasya\u2019da yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yard\u0131mlardan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn diaspora Ermenilerinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n Andranik\u2019in politikas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc meydandad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Kaynak\u00e7a<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k Osmanl\u0131 Ar\u015fivi (B.O.A) Y\u0131ld\u0131z M\u00fctenevvia Evrak\u0131 (Y.Mtv). 84\/138; 261\/23; 285\/146.<\/p>\n

B.O.A. Dahiliye Nezareti \u015eifre Kalemi (DH.\u015eFR.) 88\/85; 44\/43; 45\/156<\/p>\n

B.O.A. B.E.O.A.VRK.840\/10.<\/p>\n

B.O.A. Dahiliye Nezareti Kalem-i Mahsus M\u00fcd\u00fcriyeti Evrak\u0131 (DH. KMS.) 53-1\/24.<\/p>\n

Allen W.E.D., Muratoff Paul (1953),Caucasian Battlefields (1828-1921),<\/em>Cambridge,<\/p>\n

Ar\u015fiv Belgelerine G\u00f6re Kafkaslarda ve Anadolu\u2019da Ermeni Mezalimi, (1995) I, 1906-1918, Ankara.<\/p>\n

Askeri Tarih Belgeleri Dergisi (ATBD),<\/em>Say\u0131: 83, Belge No: 1941; Say\u0131: 86, Belge No: 2050.<\/p>\n

Atnur, \u0130brahim Ethem (1999),Muhtariyet Arifesinde Nah\u00e7\u0131van<\/em>, Nah\u00e7\u0131van.<\/p>\n

Birinci D\u00fcnya Harbi Kafkas Cephesi<\/em>(1993), 3. Ordu Harekat\u0131<\/em>, C. II, Birinci Kitap, Ankara.<\/p>\n

Birinci D\u00fcnya Harbi T\u00fcrk Harbi Kafkas Cephesi<\/em>(1993), 3. Ordu Harekat\u0131,<\/em>C. II, 2. Kitap, Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara.<\/p>\n

Cengiz, Erdo\u011fan (haz.) (1983),Ermeni Komitelerinin A\u2019mal ve Harek\u00e2t-\u0131 \u0130htil\u00e2liyesi<\/em>, Ankara.<\/p>\n

Chalabian, Andranik (1998),General Andranik and Armenian Revolution Movement<\/em>, New York.<\/p>\n

Dasnabedian, Hratch (1989),History of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation Dashnaksution (1890-1924)<\/em>, Milan.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6kdemir, A. Ender (1989),Cenub-i Garbi Kafkas H\u00fck\u00fcmeti,<\/em>Ankara.<\/p>\n

Hovannisian, Richard G. (1967),Armenia on the Road to Independence,<\/em>Los Angeles.<\/p>\n

Kafkaslarda ve Anadolu\u2019da Ermeni Mezalimi (1998)<\/em>, IV, Ankara.<\/p>\n

Kafkasya\u2019da ve Anadolu\u2019da Ermeni Mezalimi (1995),<\/em>I, Ankara.<\/p>\n

Karabekir, Kaz\u0131m (1990),Erzincan ve Erzurum\u2019un Kurtulu\u015fu Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f, Kars ve \u00d6tesi,<\/em>Erzurum.<\/p>\n

Khlebof, Twerdo (1919),Notes of Superior Russian Officer on the Atroticios of Erzurum<\/em>, 1919.<\/p>\n

Lang, David Marshall (1998),The Armenians: A People in Exile,<\/em>London.<\/p>\n

Minassian, Anaide Ter (1984),Nationalism and Socialism in the Armeian Revolationary Movement (1887-1912),<\/em>Cambridge.<\/p>\n

Mirzayev, Cafer Guli (2000), \u201cNah\u00e7\u0131van Kandlar\u0131nda Andranikin T\u00f6rattiyi Vah\u015filiklar ve Ona Kar\u015f\u0131 M\u00fcbarezenin Ta\u015fkili\u201d,21.Y\u00fczy\u0131la Girerken Tarihe Dost\u00e7a Bak\u0131\u015f: T\u00fcrk-Ermeni \u0130li\u015fkileri,<\/em>Ankara.<\/p>\n

Nassibian, Akaby (1984),Britain and the Armenian Question (1915-1923<\/em>), New York<\/p>\n

Pasdermadjian (1949),H. Histoire de L\u2019 Armenie<\/em>, Paris.<\/p>\n

Rain, \u0130smail (1351),Katliam-\u0131 Ermeniyan Der Deveran-\u0131 Selatin-i Al-i Osman,<\/em>Tahran.<\/p>\n

S\u00fcsl\u00fc, Azmi (1987),Ruslara G\u00f6re Ermenilerin T\u00fcrklere Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Mezalim,<\/em>Ankara.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk\u00f6z\u00fc, Halil Kemal (1982),Osmanl\u0131 ve Sovyet Belgeleri-Ermeni Mezalimi<\/em>, Ankara.<\/p>\n

Uras, Esat (1984),Tarihte Ermeniler ve Ermeni Meselesi,<\/em>Ankara.<\/p>\n

Walker, Chistopher J. (1991),Armenia and Karabagh, The Struggle for Unity,<\/em>London<\/p>\n

Yusifov, Ali (2000), \u201cNahcivan \u015eehrinde Ermeni Mezalimi\u201d,21. Y\u00fczy\u0131la Girerken Tarihe Dost\u00e7a Bir Bak\u0131\u015f: T\u00fcrk-Ermeni \u0130li\u015fkileri,<\/em>Ankara.<\/p>\n

Y\u00fcceer, Nas\u0131r (1999), \u201cSon Osmanl\u0131 Zaferi (Azerbaycan\u2019\u0131n Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Kazanmas\u0131)\u201d,Osmanl\u0131,<\/em>C. II, Ankara.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0130nternet Siteleri<\/strong><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.armeniadiaspora.com<\/a>. History 2000, 03.01.2001.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.Karabagh.org<\/a>. \u201cStaggering Facts\u201d, 03.04.2001.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

Prof. Dr. Haluk Selvi<\/a><\/p>\n

Kafkaslardan Balkanlara Katliamc\u0131 Bir \u00c7ete Reisi: Adranik Ozanyan<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n