![\"tk_soyqirim_manset\"](\"http:\/\/1905.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/tk_soyqirim_manset-300x190.jpg\")
Osmanl\u0131 ve \u0130ran Ermenileri Kafkasya\u2019ya ve \u00f6zellikle Erivan Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na yerle\u015ftikten sonra b\u00f6lgenin n\u00fcfus dengesi onlar\u0131n lehine de\u011fi\u015fti.\u00a0 XVIII. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren devlet kurmak i\u00e7in yo\u011fun faaliyete ba\u015flayan Ermeniler, uygun ortam\u0131 bulmakta zorlanmad\u0131.<\/p>\n
XX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda Rusya proletaryas\u0131n\u0131n ayaklanmas\u0131 eyaletlerde de b\u00fcy\u00fck yank\u0131 uyand\u0131rd\u0131. Ermeniler, \u00c7ar y\u00f6netiminin Kafkasya\u2019da zay\u0131flamas\u0131n\u0131 f\u0131rsat bilerek Erivan eyaletinde, Zengezur, Bak\u00fc, \u015eamah\u0131, G\u00f6k\u00e7e, Mehri, Kafan, E\u00e7miadzin, Zengibasar ve Karaba\u011f\u2019da Azerbaycan T\u00fcrklerine kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015f a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n
1905 olaylar\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan \u00fcnl\u00fc Azerbaycan yazar\u0131 Mehmet Seyit Ordubadi facian\u0131n ba\u015f vermesinin nedenlerini s\u00f6yle ifade etmektedir:<\/p>\n
-Ta\u015fnaksutyun komitelerinin diktat\u00f6r y\u00f6netimi uygulamas\u0131 ve bu nedenle her iki halk aras\u0131nda silahl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131.<\/p>\n
-1905 Rusya devrimi zaman\u0131 yerel \u00c7ar y\u00f6netiminin zay\u0131flamas\u0131 ve olaylarda Ermenilerin lehine \u00e7ifte standart uygulamas\u0131.<\/p>\n
-M\u00fcsl\u00fcman halk\u0131n bilgisizli\u011fi ve geli\u015fen siyasi olaylardan habersiz olmalar\u0131.<\/p>\n
Ta\u015fnaksutyun Komitelerinin silahl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalara ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli nedenlerinden biri de Erivan ve civar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan Azerbaycan T\u00fcrklerinin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak ve burada bir Ermenistan devleti kurmak idi. Silahl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar 23 May\u0131sta ba\u015flad\u0131 ve 31 May\u0131sa kadar devam etti. Bu \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalarda Ermenilerin taraf\u0131nda olan yerel y\u00f6netim Azerbaycan T\u00fcrklerinin katledilmesine g\u00f6z yumuyordu.<\/p>\n
9 Haziran 1905\u2019de silahl\u0131 Ermeni \u00e7eteleri E\u00e7miadzin iline ba\u011fl\u0131 Tekye k\u00f6y\u00fcne h\u00fccum ederek k\u00f6y ahalisini \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f, \u00e7ok az insan hayat\u0131n\u0131 kurtarabilmi\u015ftir. Birka\u00e7 g\u00fcnde E\u00e7miadzin ilinde 9 T\u00fcrk k\u00f6y\u00fc ya\u011fma edildi ve bo\u015falt\u0131ld\u0131. Kafan\u2019da Kerhane, Gatar, Helec, Salda\u015fl\u0131, \u0130ncevar, Da\u015fnov k\u00f6ylerinde ya\u015fayan Azerbaycan T\u00fcrklerinin bir \u00e7o\u011fu \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc, k\u00f6yler ya\u011fmaland\u0131. G\u00fcmr\u00fc ve civar k\u00f6ylerde ya\u015fayanlar da Ermeni katliam\u0131ndan kurtulamad\u0131. Saggarsu\u2019ya h\u00fccum eden Ermeniler kad\u0131n, \u00e7ocuk, ya\u015fl\u0131 demeden insanlar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. K\u00f6y imam\u0131 Molla Hasan Efendi Kuran\u0131 elinde tutarak Ermenilerin kad\u0131n ve \u00e7ocuklara dokunmamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in yalvarsa da bir sonuca ula\u015famad\u0131. K\u00f6y ya\u011fmaland\u0131, insanlar katledildi. 1905\u20131907 katliam\u0131ndan hayat\u0131n\u0131 kurtarabilen insanlar \u0130ran\u2019a ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7 etti. Silahl\u0131 Ermeni \u00e7eteleri girdikleri her k\u00f6y\u00fc i\u015fgal ederek, Azerbaycan T\u00fcrklerini \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcyor ve kovuyorlard\u0131. Onlar\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca gayesi b\u00f6lgede Azerbaycan T\u00fcrklerinin say\u0131n\u0131 azaltmakt\u0131.<\/p>\n
1905 proleter harek\u00e2t\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131kla sonu\u00e7land\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6ren Ermeniler Azerbaycan T\u00fcrklerine y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na devam ederek Zengezur k\u00f6ylerine sald\u0131rd\u0131lar. 9 A\u011fustos 1906\u2019da Ermeniler Rus ordusunun deste\u011fi ile Okucu-\u015eabedek k\u00f6y\u00fcne h\u00fccum ettiler. Ermeni ve Rus askerlerinin h\u00fccumuna birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn kar\u015f\u0131 koyduktan sonra civar k\u00f6ylerden yard\u0131m gelmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in Okucu-\u015eabedek k\u00f6y\u00fc bo\u015falt\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n
Ermeni \u00e7etelerinin Azerbaycan T\u00fcrklerine kar\u015f\u0131 uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 politikas\u0131 sonunda XX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131ndan itibaren Erivan eyaletinde Azerbaycan T\u00fcrklerinin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00f6y ve insan say\u0131s\u0131 azald\u0131. \u00d6rne\u011fin, 1886\u20131897 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Erivan eyaletinde Azerbaycan T\u00fcrklerinin n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131 40 bin ki\u015fi oldu\u011fu halde 1906\u20131916 y\u0131llar\u0131nda (1886 istatistiklerine g\u00f6re Ermenilerden 61 bin ki\u015fi fazla olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen) sadece 17 bin ki\u015fi olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
1905\u20131906 katliamlar\u0131 sonucu binlerce Azerbaycan T\u00fcrk\u00fc \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc veya g\u00f6\u00e7 ettirildi. Ermeni \u00e7eteleri ve Rus askerlerinin ortak hareket plan\u0131 beklenen sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 vermese de Erivan eyaletinde bir \u00e7ok T\u00fcrk k\u00f6y\u00fc i\u015fgal edildi. Ermeniler yar\u0131m kalm\u0131\u015f planlar\u0131n\u0131 1918\u2019de yeniden hayata ge\u00e7irmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n
Ekim 1917 devriminin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 Kafkasya\u2019da siyasi durumu k\u00f6k\u00fcnden de\u011fi\u015ftirdi. Bol\u015feviklerin bar\u0131\u015f bildirisi ve \u201cRusya Halklar\u0131n\u0131n Hukuk Beyannamesi\u201d yay\u0131nland\u0131ktan sonra Bol\u015feviklerin Azerbaycan\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 tutumu ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmayacaklar\u0131, aksine engel olacaklar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Azerbaycan Bol\u015fevikleri Ekim devrimine umutla bak\u0131yordu ve Bak\u00fc\u2019de propagandalar\u0131na h\u0131z verdiler. Azerbaycan\u2019da Bol\u015feviklerin siyasi deste\u011fi zay\u0131ft\u0131 ve 22 Ekimde Bak\u00fc Sovyet\u2019ine yap\u0131lan se\u00e7imlerde sadece 3770 oy alabilmi\u015fti. Azerbaycan\u2019\u0131n siyasi hayat\u0131na yeni giren M\u00fcsavat Partisi ise toplam oylar\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k %40\u2019\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. M\u00fcsavat Partisinin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 Bol\u015fevikleri rahats\u0131z ediyordu. Rusya\u2019n\u0131n geleneksel Kafkasya politikas\u0131n\u0131 yeni bir ideoloji perdesi alt\u0131nda hayata ge\u00e7iren Bol\u015fevikler siyasi altyap\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na h\u0131z verdi. \u00d6zellikle Bak\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn petrol sanayi merkezi olmas\u0131 nedeniyle Bol\u015fevikler her hangi bir yolla Azerbaycan\u2019\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmek ve kontrol alt\u0131nda tutmak istiyordu.<\/p>\n
Ermeni Ta\u015fnaklar ve Bol\u015fevikler Ekim devriminden hemen sonra Lenin\u2019in imzas\u0131yla \u201cBat\u0131 Ermenistan Hakk\u0131nda\u201d beyanname yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131lar. Bu, Bol\u015fevik h\u00fck\u00fcmetin Ermeni meselesine olan ilgisinin bir sonucuydu. Beyannamenin imzalanmas\u0131ndan sonra \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck Ermenistan\u201d kurulmas\u0131nda bir engel olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcnen Erivan eyaleti ve ba\u015fka b\u00f6lgelerde ya\u015fayan Azerbaycan T\u00fcrklerini b\u00f6lgeden tamamen \u00e7\u0131karmak veya hi\u00e7 de\u011filse say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok aza indirmek gerekiyordu. Ekim devriminden sonra Kafkasya\u2019da geli\u015fen siyasi olaylar\u0131 dikkate alan Ta\u015fnaklar Erivan, Zengezur ve ba\u015fka b\u00f6lgelerde Azerbaycan T\u00fcrklerine kar\u015f\u0131 silahl\u0131 eylemlere ba\u015flad\u0131. Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131nda Brest-Litovsk Antla\u015fmas\u0131 gere\u011fince Kafkasya cephesinden geri \u00e7ekilen Rus ordular\u0131 silah ve cephaneyi Ermenilere b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kafkasya\u2019da askeri ve siyasi durum \u00e7ok ciddi idi ve geli\u015fen olaylar bir merkezden y\u00f6netilmiyordu.<\/p>\n
5 Mart 1918\u2019de Baku\u2019de ilk silahl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ba\u015flad\u0131 ve ba\u015fka b\u00f6lgelere de yay\u0131ld\u0131. \u00d6zellikle de Erivan, Zengezur ve G\u00f6k\u00e7e\u2019de ya\u015fayan Azerbaycan T\u00fcrkleri i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck tehlike ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Antranik\u2019in komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Ermeni silahl\u0131 \u00e7eteleri G\u00f6k\u00e7e\u2019de \u00c7am\u0131rl\u0131, Medine, Ana\u011f\u0131zo\u011flu, K\u0131\u015flak, Gulal\u0131, K\u00fcsecik, Al\u00e7al\u0131, K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Karakoyunlu ve Delikarde\u015f k\u00f6ylerine h\u00fccum ederek bir \u00e7ok M\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u2019\u0131 katlettiler. Bu katliama kat\u0131lan Yarbay Vahram \u201ckahramanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d \u015f\u00f6yle ifade etmi\u015fti. \u201cBen hi\u00e7bir \u015feyin fark\u0131na varmadan Basarke\u00e7er ahalisini mahvettim. Ancak bazen kur\u015funlar\u0131 kullanmak istemiyordum. Bu k\u00f6pekleri \u00f6ld\u00fcrmenin en kolay yolu \u015fudur ki, sava\u015f sonras\u0131nda sa\u011f kalanlar\u0131n hepsini kuyuya at\u0131p \u00fczerlerine a\u011f\u0131r ta\u015flar atmak gerekiyor ki onlar sa\u011f kalmas\u0131nlar. Ben de aynen b\u00f6yle yapt\u0131m. B\u00fct\u00fcn erkekleri, kad\u0131nlar\u0131 ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 kuyulara att\u0131m, kuyunun a\u011fz\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015flarla kapatarak onlar\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcme terk ettim\u201d.<\/p>\n
Ermenistan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan edene kadar Ta\u015fnak komitelerinin silahl\u0131 birlikleri, daha sonra da resmi h\u00fck\u00fcmet ordusu Azerbaycan T\u00fcrklerini katletmeye devam etti. Rusya Genel Meclisi, Bol\u015fevikler taraf\u0131ndan da\u011f\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra Kafkasya \u00fcyeleri 23 \u015eubat 1918\u2019de \u201cM\u00e2ver\u00e2y-\u0131 Kafkas Komiserli\u011fi\u201dni kurdular. Bu Komiserlik Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n y\u00fcksek hakimiyet organ\u0131 olmal\u0131yd\u0131. Ama M\u00e2ver\u00e2y-\u0131 Kafkas Komiserli\u011fi \u00fcyeleri aras\u0131nda Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131 konusunda b\u00fcy\u00fck anla\u015f\u0131lmazl\u0131klar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. 22 Nisan 1918\u2019de \u201cKafkasya Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Federe Devleti\u201d il\u00e2n olunduysa da taraflar aras\u0131nda \u00e7eki\u015fmelerin devam etmesi \u00fczerine 28 May\u0131s 1918\u2019de Ermenistan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etti ve Ta\u015fnaklar 1918\u2019de Kars vilayetinin ve Erivan eyaletinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcttefik ordulardan almay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
1918\u2019de Kafkasya konusunda T\u00fcrkiye, \u0130ngiltere ve Almanya aras\u0131ndaki anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 f\u0131rsat bilen Antranik Zengezur\u2019a sald\u0131rd\u0131. Haz\u0131rl\u0131ks\u0131z yakalanan k\u00f6y ahalisi Karaba\u011f, \u0130ran ve Erivan\u2019a giderek canlar\u0131n\u0131 kurtarabildi. Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131ndan itibaren Zengezur \u00fczerine h\u00fccumlar yeniden ba\u015flad\u0131. Rut, Darabe, Agadu ve Bagud\u0131 k\u00f6yleri tamamen da\u011f\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131, Arkhal\u0131, \u015eyagur, Melikli, Pulkent, \u015eeki, K\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131k k\u00f6yleri ise zarar g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Bu k\u00f6ylerde toplam 500 ki\u015fi Ermeniler taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.1918 sonlar\u0131nda ise Zengezur\u2019da Azerbaycan T\u00fcrklerinin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 115 k\u00f6y da\u011f\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131. Toplam 7739 ki\u015fi olmak \u00fczere 3257 erkek, 2276 kad\u0131n ve 2196 \u00e7ocuk \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.Antranik, Khmbapet Dro ve Hamazasp\u2019\u0131n silahl\u0131 \u00e7eteleri k\u00f6yleri yakm\u0131\u015f, insanlar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f veya zorla g\u00f6\u00e7 ettirmi\u015fti. A\u011fustos 1918\u2019de I\u011fd\u0131r ve E\u00e7miadzin\u2019de 60 k\u00f6y Dro\u2019nun silahl\u0131 \u00e7eteleri taraf\u0131ndan ya\u011fmaland\u0131.<\/p>\n
1918\u20131920 Ta\u015fnak iktidar\u0131 zaman\u0131 Ermenistan\u2019da ya\u015fayan 575.000 Azerbaycan T\u00fcrk\u00fcn\u00fcn 565.000\u2019i katledilmi\u015f veya zorla g\u00f6\u00e7 ettirilmi\u015fti. Baz\u0131 Ermeni ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131 da bu verileri onaylamaktad\u0131r: \u201c1920\u2019de Sovyet h\u00fck\u00fcmeti zaman\u0131 Ta\u015fnaklar\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc politika sonucu burada 10.000 ki\u015fiden biraz fazla T\u00fcrk kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1922\u2019de 60.000 g\u00f6\u00e7men geri d\u00f6nd\u00fckten sonra Azerbaycan T\u00fcrklerinin say\u0131s\u0131 72.596 ki\u015fi olmu\u015ftur\u201d.<\/p>\n
1918-1920\u2019de Azerbaycan T\u00fcrklerinin katledilmesi veya zorla g\u00f6\u00e7 ettirilmesi 1905 katliam\u0131n\u0131n devam\u0131 idi. Bu s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda Ermeniler ciddi bir te\u015fkilatlanma s\u00fcrecine girmi\u015f, silahlanm\u0131\u015f ve propaganda faaliyetlerini geni\u015fletmi\u015fti. 1918\u2019de Ermenistan (Ararat) Cumhuriyetinin kurulmas\u0131yla Ermenilerde milli kimlik ve devlet anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ivme kazand\u0131. \u0130ki y\u0131ll\u0131k (May\u0131s 1918-Kas\u0131m 1920) Ta\u015fnak iktidar\u0131 zaman\u0131 Azerbaycan T\u00fcrklerinin % 60\u2019\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.Azerbaycan ve G\u00fcrcistan\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015fan Ta\u015fnaklar \u00fclkeyi ekonomik ve siyasi olarak \u00e7ok k\u00f6t\u00fc duruma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fcler. Ta\u015fnaklar inatla G\u00fcrcistan\u2019dan Bor\u00e7al\u0131 ve Ah\u0131lkeleyi, Azerbaycan\u2019dan ise Karaba\u011f, Nah\u00e7ivan ve Gence eyaletinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 talep ediyordu. 1918 katliam\u0131 1905 olaylar\u0131n\u0131n devam\u0131 ve 1930, 1949\u20131953, 1988 katliam\u0131n\u0131n temeli olu\u015fturdu.<\/p>\n
Hatem CABBARLI: \u201cGe\u00e7mi\u015ften G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze Ermenistan’da Azerbaycan T\u00fcrkleri\u201d makalesinden al\u0131nt\u0131 \u00a0www.eraren.org<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Osmanl\u0131 ve \u0130ran Ermenileri Kafkasya\u2019ya ve \u00f6zellikle Erivan Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na yerle\u015ftikten sonra b\u00f6lgenin n\u00fcfus dengesi onlar\u0131n lehine de\u011fi\u015fti.\u00a0 XVIII. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren devlet kurmak i\u00e7in yo\u011fun faaliyete ba\u015flayan Ermeniler, uygun ortam\u0131 bulmakta zorlanmad\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[646,265,249],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5452","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-beginning-genocide-slide-2","category-analysis-genocides-of-azerbaijanis-3","category-genocides-of-azerbaijanis-3"],"fimg_url":false,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/1905.az\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5452","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/1905.az\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/1905.az\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1905.az\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1905.az\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5452"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/1905.az\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5452\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/1905.az\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5452"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1905.az\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5452"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/1905.az\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5452"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}