Demographics of the Nagorno-Karabakh region since earliest available Russian census of 1823 till last Soviet census of 1989/1990
| Year | Armenian | Azerbaijani | Russian | Notes |
| 1810 | 2,500 | 9,500 | N/A | Karabakh was still a khanate at the time (abolished in 1822). |
| 1823 | 9% | 91% | N/A | At the time Nagorno-Karabakh was not an autonomous oblast, instead was split into several uezd (districts). When listing “N/A” in case of Azerbaijanis, they represented overwhelming majority of the remainder population. Russian, Greek, Assyrian, Ukrainian, German and other population represented less than 2% at all times. |
| 1832 | 35% | N/A | N/A | |
| 1871 | 29,200 (24%) | 87,800 (73%) | N/A | |
| 1897 | 109,250 (39.5%) | 164,098 (59.5%) | 2,605 (1%) | At the time of when it was not an autonomous oblast but 4 uezds; last official Russian Imperial census. |
| 1897 | 1,987 hereditary nobles | 5,033 hereditary nobles | N/A | One of the population categories from the 1897 census – hereditary nobles, which factually shows how many nobles were native, for generations, to Shusha uezd and city. |
| 1916 | nearly 70% | N/A | N/A | At the time Nagorno-Karabakh was not an autonomous oblast, instead was part of the larger Karabakh region. When listing “N/A” in case of Azerbaijanis, they represented overwhelming majority of the remainder population, Russian, Greek, Assyrian and others represented less than 2% at all times. Both 1916 and 1919 figures are from Armenian sources, Russian and Azerbaijani numbers differ significantly. |
| 1919 | 165,000 | 59,000 | 7,000 | |
| 1926 | 111,700 (89,5%) | 12,600 (10,06%) | 596 | First official Soviet census |
| 1979 | 123,076 (75,9%) | 37,264 (23%) | 1,265 (0,8%) | Last Soviet census before the outbreak of war |
| 1989 | 145,500 (76,9%) | 40,688 (21,5%) | 1,99 (1%) | Last Soviet census; a re-count was ordered in October 1990 which showed the number of Azerbaijanis higher, at 46,000 (24%), plus 1,000 of other minorities. |
Source: Nagorno-Karabakh: basis and reality of Soviet-era legal and economic claims used to justify the Armenia-Azerbaijan war, A.Baguirov
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